Precision agriculture consists primarily of using geospatial technologies to map spatial variations in crop and soil conditions and to match inputs—such as water, seed, and fertilizer—to those variations by applying them at variable rates. The link between the spatial variations and the variable rates are zone maps and prescription maps. The former show the difference between healthy and stressed plants by representing the amount of light they’re reflecting in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The latter tell growers how much input to apply to each one of small areas known as management zones.
The data used to create zone maps is collected by sensors on the ground and in the sky. The advent of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and the sharp increase now taking place in the number of Earth observation satellites are increasing the quantity and quality of these data that are available to growers and agricultural consultants. This bird’s-eye view helps them swiftly detect in-season problems with nutrient deficiencies, pests, or disease, giving them the best opportunity to correct factors that could limit crop performance and compromise yield potential.
Uses of environmental satellites & UAV
Satellites are ideal for observing the global environment as they are capable of revealing and monitoring remote environments, hidden features, and even events that the human eye cannot detect. They provide reliable data 24 hours a day, seven days a week on the following atmospheric phenomena that are essential for weather forecasting:
Temperature, wind speed and direction, aerosols, water vapour, cloud cover, precipitation, storms, and tropical cyclones. Satellites can also monitor how winds disperse smoke from wildfires or ash from volcanic eruptions.
Satellites provide the following data on the oceans:
Sea surface temperature, sea level height, ocean currents, and ocean winds. It is also possible to monitor accidents, such as large oil spills, and periodic oscillations in the sea that affect global weather patterns, such as El Niño in the Pacific Ocean.
The following land features can also be observed via satellites:
Land surface temperature, winds, vegetation cover, bodies of water, human settlements, soil moisture, depth and extent of snow and ice.
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